Terry Eagleton and Literature Theory free essay sample

Doing a polemical investigation of contemporary abstract hypothesis, Eagleton presents us in this world clarifying what is really fiction. a. Inventive keeping in touch with One definition is that writing is innovative composition, in view of its fictionality and don't take part in the exacting truth. Be that as it may, Eagleton rejects this hypothesis, since the writing additionally incorporates true to life kinds, for example, article and self-portrayal. Recognizing fiction and reality, or truth and dream is considered excessively disputable to us prompted an acceptable division. . The specific utilization of language According to this definition, writing is a specific utilization of language, which changes the normal language and makes it more grounded. Fiction has its laws, structures and strategies that ought to be contemplated and not a methods for transmitting thoughts, nor an impression of social reality. As such it was examining the Russian formalists, who broke down the sub stance as opposed to shape, as the total of the measures that the joined impact of deautomatization. Be that as it may, even this hypothesis isn't acceptable since it is required for ordinary deautomatization semantic foundation and comprehension of a work as writing relies upon the specific circumstance. . Unpragmatical type of talk Literary is the thing that no down to earth work, doesn't fill any need. Fiction becomes autoreferential language since it alludes to itself and isn't a fundamental truth of what it says, yet the manner in which it is spoken. This definition is in this manner not objective since it relies upon how we read. It is likewise the pragmatic issue of understanding the history and unpragmaticality is inalienable in the species which are not writing. . Great or prized keeping in touch with any abstract work should fall into the class of magnificence just as all around acknowledged and regarded spellings. The issue is that the handwriting is indistinct, unclear and one-sided idea. meaning of excellence changes over various social orders and recorded periods. In t his way there is no scholarly work that would be important in itself in light of the fact that the estimation of brief fix. Eagleton reasons that writing can never be objective since it depends on values that are established profound inside us. It is more than what individuals comprehend by this term, is firmly identified with the social philosophy and infers a political position. first The advancement of English as a scholarly subject In eighteenth century England is an artistic term grasping all types of composing esteemed y society and each work is assessed as for the gauges (the ideological scale). Such a large number of works of writing today, have stayed outside these classes, and the other way around (l despite everything question whether the novel to go into this classification). Britain at that point came out of the war and reestablishing social request gets another writing of significance including various ideological establishments whose reason for existing is the spread of refinement of lead for the osmosis of the working class. Todays idea of writing was found in the sentimental period (nineteenth century). It started by the oetry and writing becomes. During this period goes to the ascent of current style that acquire the ideas of images, stylish experience and tasteful congruity and the one of a kind sort of the relic. Apparently the assessment of experimental writing in itself, that his feeling of pointlessness. In the nineteenth century goes to an ideological emergency, confidence lost their job and replaces the English language and writing as a type of belief system that influences the emotions and encounters, and works at all social levels, and its reality, oppose sound clarification and accordingly supreme. The fundamental figure of this period was Matthew Arnold who saw the need to develop a lower working class, finding that her fiction transmit virtues and stir national pride. English as a subject was presented first at specialized establishments and colleges working and thought about the case for people of lower class. It isn't considered especially requesting concerning managing advanced feelings. In the long run she started to have increasingly manly qualities and served for the enlivening of national personality (reasonable for his triumph over Germany in the first World War). Contenders for the English were not peer-novices who worked the main seat at Oxford and Camebridge, however they originated from the social class of vendors and specialists. The most critical was F. R. Leavis. His supporters restricted to the old philosophy and underscored the significance of basic investigation and thorough thoughtfulness regarding perusing. 1932nd Scrutiny propelled a magazine, which is described by faith in the significance of the ethical elements of the urgent job of the English language and writing for the duration of the life of English society, and have along these lines made a development that the English transformed into a genuine order. Supported the elitism, which is entirely futile and unjustified, on the grounds that not all who are not very much familiar with writing approach Les Misâ ©rables and natural life. Being an understudy of English in Camebridge late 20s and 30s intended to lead the most significant and important life. Leavses supporters trusted in the central Englishness of English language, which is moving the accentuation of the class inside the way of life and transformed into legends. American New Criticism sprouts from 30s to 50s and incorporates crafted by Eliot, Richards, and Leavis Empson. As indicated by them, verse is one potential arrangement misfortune f tangible wealth, and the expectations of the creator isn't applicable for the translation of the content. Empson perceives that the significance of the content imperceptible and can not be decreased to the last understanding. second Phenomenology, hermeneutics, gathering hypothesis Husserl to his philosophical strategy gives the name of phenomenology, which is the study of wonders, which looks at the subject until you persuade to it to be unchangeable. Phenomenological decrease to avoid everything that isn't an intrinsic mindfulness since we can not make certain of the presence of things free of us. Puts man at the middle and toward the beginning (it is critical to me I experience things). Phenomenology is impacted by the Russian formalists. As Husserl places in enclosures genuine article, so verse is truly neither here nor there and centers around the path to his perceptions. The greatest effect was on the phenomenology of the Geneva school that tries to perusing that doesn't influence anything outside the content itself. Phenomenology of inactively tolerating the content as a negligible duplicate of its quintessence. the declaration of its inward significance. In this way, his work is regularly called existentialist. He is individual, that being on the planet individuals are Just in light of the fact that we are onnected to other people and the material world. Human information is based and moves inside preontological comprehension of the fight preunderstanding (before you begin to think, however we have gathered various suspicions practically speaking). Language is a measurement wherein human life happens, and craftsmanship is antagonism. Artistic understanding is the thing that we need to permit that to occur, we should remain to open the content that he tried us. Hirsch said that there might be a few distinctive substantial understandings, yet all must move inside the ordinary desires and probabilities. Work an essayist gives significance, reason and perusers. Which means goes before language, it is fixed and the thing is mindfulness, not words, has a place with the sole creator. For Gadamer the significance of an artistic work doesn't debilitate the expectations of the creator and it isn't fixed and unchangeable, however socially adapted. Recorded as a hard copy it is difficult to understand, in light of the fact that every translation works from the past is the exchange of over a significant time span, in which the work get the importance which the creator didn't check. Hermeneutics contends that scholarly works structure a natural entire and considers history to be an exchange of the past, present and future. The hypothesis of gathering is the most current type of hermeneutics that was created in Germany. It analyzes the job of the peruser to the writing, which is new (so far is the historical backdrop of current scholarly hypothesis was worried about the writer and text). Ingarden says that the work exists just when various plans or general rules that the peruser needs to make concrete. The peruser brings to crafted by the from the earlier method of getting, convictions and desires for the setting inside which evaluates the different highlights of the work, which can be changed by entering new data. Iser, an individual from the school gathering style, says that the requirement for perusing information on scholarly methods and shows to which the work talk, comprehend the code works. The best is the work that the peruser be another basic consciousness of the built up codes. Perusing procedures we change the content and the content changes us. The purpose of perusing is simply the enlivening cognizance of perusers and basic vision of his own character. Any individual who has a solid ideological duty, there will be a decent peruser, in light of the fact that it won't be open transformative effect of the work. Differentiating Isere, Barthes present day text looks for the devastation of the severe arrangement of thought Modern content sabotage the perusers social personality. Sartre says that each artistic content is based on understanding the possible crowd, or a specific sort of peruser is as of now remembered for the demonstration of composing. Fish acknowledges the supposition that there is a target work of fiction, yet that is a genuine author, the peruser works is the aggregate of all past and future reasoning. Perusing isn't uncovering the importance, however information on how the content deals with us. Eagleton says that importance isn't set, yet cap the peruser has a functioning job in finding meaning. There is no simply abstract reaction to the work, all responses are profoundly inserted in the peruser as a recorded and social being. third Structuralism and semiotics Frye accepts that writing works as per certain target laws that pundits categ

Essay about Socrates Delphi and City

Paper about Socrates Delphi and City Paper about Socrates: Delphi and City Socrates utilizes presumption to protect himself to the city of Athens, while then again he doesn't utilize numbness . The city of Athens is at chances with Socrates’ reasoning; it repudiated a few Athenian convictions. The city accepted that Socrates was an agnostic, that he was liable for adulterating the young, and that he made the more vulnerable contention the more grounded. Socrates accepted that he was the most significant instructor in the city thusly he kept on shielding his activities and convictions in any event, when his life was on the line. He considered himself to be the most significant instructor after his visit to the prophet. This gave him much egotism to his contentions and addressing, which at last gave Socrates incredible certainty . He was an incredible philosophizer and he realized that he was so imperative to the city. The city didn't share Socrates' own perspective on himself as the most significant educator. They accepted his ways of thinking were sh rewd and they were happy to execute him for his thoughts. In Socrates’ first barrier, he utilizes the narrative of the Delphic prophet. As indicated by Socrates, the prophet once proclaimed that nobody was more astute than Socrates. From the start Socrates believed the prophet to not be right so he started to get proof by talking with astute individuals so as to invalidate the prophet ...he thinks he knows something when he doesn't, though when I don't have the foggiest idea, neither do I think I know; so I am probably going to be more astute than he to this little degree, that I don't think I recognize what I don't have the foggiest idea (26) Socrates claims he will confess to being unknowledgeable, which demonstrates obliviousness isn't communicated by him. In this manner Socrates started to accept that he was the most shrewd individual in the city. The prophet was a defining moment in his life. Rather than concentrating on cosmic and physical examinations, he started to fr et about good and political assessments. The way that Socrates realized he was the smartest and that he started to worry about ways of thinking of the city shows that he considered himself to be the most significant educator in the city. He realized that what he was instructing was in logical inconsistency to the convictions of Athens, yet he additionally accepted that what he educated would in the long run achieve change. Self-importance is appeared here through the cases Socrates makes about being the most astute and repudiating an entire urban areas lessons. Socrates was set for change the city’s convictions and point of view. He genuinely accepted he was fundamental to changing the Athenians. Socrates was totally against how the Athenians esteemed cash and material belongings more than ones soul. Socrates demonstrated his conviction of his own significance as an instructor by how he tenaciously addressed and inspected the convictions of the Athenians. He showed the youthf ul on the grounds that he realized that they would have the option to deliver change while the seniors would not change their convictions. Socrates realized that what he was instructing would outrage the majority of the individuals in Athens. He was in foolish quest for reality and he realized that he could be executed for what he was instructing however he felt free to do it at any rate. He needed to make change and that is the reason he showed the youthful and not the old. He viewed himself as so significant that he was happy to pass on so as to make change. In spite of the fact that this appears as though it is the best activity, Socrates would not have the option to achieve any of this without egotism. Socrates accepted that being dead is one of two things. It is either similar to being nothing with no recognition, or it is a difference set up and a progress of the spirit starting with one spot then onto the next spot. He respected it is possible that one to be incredible so he had no dread of biting the dust. He genuinely felt that he had something worth passing on for and he was really persuaded of his significance to the city. In class we had talked about what every one of us exclusively thought of death and larger part dominated

How To Find Term Papers For Free

How To Find Term Papers For FreeThere are various reasons why a person needs to use term papers for free. It is easy for a person to find this kind of academic paper but finding a free term paper is more difficult. There are many websites on the internet which offer papers for free. These free papers are frequently offered in different subject areas as well as for all types of educational levels.The uses of term papers for free are widespread and the reasons are varied for a large extent. Common reasons include for individual students for self-study or for those who are self employed. Often it is the requirement of the teachers to provide term papers for homework assignments and to earn credits for other education programs that provide the instructions for an individual to obtain the paper for free.In order to avoid exploitation by those who are offering papers for free, you should look for sites that are not hosted on the internet. The site for free papers offered should have no res ponsibility whatsoever for your papers. It is best to get your papers from an institution like the library. Usually you will need to pay for papers that are being printed from your school.Papers for free can be obtained from several sources. In some cases the content is the same, and the only differences are in the medium and the format. At other times the style of writing will be different, as will the type of paper being used. The writings are usually supplied as Word documents or PDF files.Papers for free may be published at the public library for distribution, and you can do this either on the printed form or in the online form. The material will then be submitted for distribution via email, posting on the web, or sent to a specific mailing list. The lists will contain individuals who have a need for the term papers that you offer.It is a good idea to create an account with a distribution center for papers for free before you can actually distribute the material. When submitting the papers for free, the researcher should always give his name and address so that it can be sent directly to the list for distribution. This is important for the materials to be delivered to the individual who is the recipient. In most cases this will be a teacher, and the researcher will simply request that the materials are sent to his or her personal mailbox.If the research or report is intended for publication, there is a specific method that must be followed in order to guarantee a successful end. If you are using the internet to distribute the papers for free, you will be required to use the submission options that will be specified by the organization that is hosting the materials. It is important that you select a method that is secure and will not provide your information to the general public.Once you have received the materials, you must ensure that the instructions given by the organization are followed so that the reports or papers that you are sending to individuals are properly prepared. A detailed outline and a complete revision of the paper is required to submit it for publication. It is very important that you make the changes necessary before submitting the paper. It is best to save all revisions for future reference, and this will assure that your paper will be used in a manner that makes sense.

Effective Communication Of The Brands Values, Personality...

The key factor to any organisation is the ability to attract and retain the best talent in the market. This is essential if your business is among the high competitors were specialised skills are in high demand. The following will demonstrate how through employer branding an organisation can strengthen their relationship with both existing and potential employees. Also how effective communication of the brands values, personality and culture may impact on the creation of a strong employer brand. A company will be perceived on how it conducts itself in the market across the board to how the potential employee imagines what it would be like to work for that organisation. An effective brand would highlight all the positive aspects such as a good employer, great place to work, and at the same time influencing recruitment retention. As a result of this a positive impression of your company will be visible within the market sector. Effective communication and organisational skills, alongside personality and culture can create a positive perception of good employer branding. Employees should feel some kind of responsibility toward the organisations employer branding. The reflection of employee’s actions portrays an image of the company. Employees and management must believe in the brand to fully engage in the organisation. Image perception if vital, if employees have a bad attitude towards their position or the company people may presume the company is not a good place to beShow MoreRelatedCustomer Personality And The Product Selection Process Essay1178 Words   |  5 Pagesthere are any relations between customer s personality and the product selection process. A key success for any business is to communicate with its customers better than competitors by understanding who its customers are and what they want. The more specific costumers are segmented, the easier a business will understand its customers and build successful relationship with them because customers usually choose a product that expresses their personality. The market can be segmented by different typesRead MoreCustomer Personality And The Product Selection Process Essay1178 Words   |  5 Pagesthere are any relations between customer s personality and the product selection process. A key success for any business is to communicate with its customers better than competitors by understanding who its customers are and what they want. The more precisely costumers are segmented, the easier a business will understand its customers and build successful relationship with them because customers usually choose a product that expresses their personality. The market can be segmented by different typesRead MoreWhat Is Personal Branding And How Effective It Can Be For Actors?1120 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Define what your brand stands for, its core values and tone of voice, and then communicate consistently in those termsâ₠¬  (Mainwaring, n.d.). Personal branding is the message you intend to send to others that is a reflection of you, your values, and what you stand for. Branding yourself is vital in the business world today considering it can help you with, better opportunity discovery, better networking career advancement, and better success. It can also develop and define you as a leader. From â€Å"actorsRead MoreHow Brands Gain Successful Exposure On The Market, And The Way They Build Relationships With Consumers1546 Words   |  7 Pages5.1 KNOW THE RULES The main aim of this study was to investigate the ways brands gain successful exposure in the market, and the way they build relationships with consumers. Upon researching, it was found that there are certain brands that do not necessarily follow the current advised procedures for this practice. One of these brands is Apple Inc., and being one of the most cherished brands of all times, it was decided that an investigation on its consumers’ behaviour would possibly shed light overRead MoreStarbucks s Organizational Culture, Leadership, And Management Traits1260 Words   |  6 PagesStarbuck s has been able to become a blueprint for organizational culture, leadership, and management traits. Suggest the key elements of Starbucks’ organizational culture that contributes to its success in a global economy. Indicate management’s role with creating and sustaining the organizational culture. A company’s organizational culture is a major influence on its employee and business performance. Organizational culture is one of the most distinct characteristics of Starbucks. There areRead MoreThe Goal Of Consumer Research Essay1402 Words   |  6 Pagescan attempt to understand what other variables affect purchase decisions. Since taste and price factors seem to be well understood, researchers can ask questions to determine if factors like brand familiarity and connotations consumers may have with the word â€Å"Nasty† impact people’s choices. For example, if brand familiarity seems to be why people pick Skinny Girl, marketers may want to consider targeting a different demographic which can be determined with the help of big data trends. Ethnography:Read MoreMarketing And Branding Your Business922 Words   |  4 Pagesto build a brand that emulates similar success for themselves. They also understand that branding is not just a logo or how their business is perceived externally. But too few realise that successful brands have this branding at the heart of the business. Branding is a way of defining your business to yourself, your team and your external audiences. It could be called the business’ â€Å"identity†, but only on the understanding that it embodies the core of what the business is and its values, not justRead MoreJohn Deere Brand Analysis1638 Words   |  7 Pagespaper considers the brand personality of John Deere and the different characteristics of the three new segments and identifies areas of opportunities. It includes recommendations on the changes that John Deere could make in its marketing mix to be a preferred premium brand that represents quality, innovation, and prestige, among these new segments. Brand personality of John Deere John Deere has a strong brand name, with 180 years of quality products, innovation and consumer value. Founded in 1837Read MoreMarketing and Nescafe1262 Words   |  6 Pagesrenowned brands in the business of traditional hot and cold energizing solubles like coffee and is available almost in every part of the world in different forms and variants. It was named as one of the top 100 brands of the world by Bloomberg business week (Top 100 Brands of 2008, 2008). Today, its offerings are available in 32 countries including France, China, Canada, Pakistan, India, UK, USA and others(Nescafe, 2010). Nescafe s Global Strategy Nescafe has build a strong brand equity throughRead MoreReview Of Subject . This Essay Describes How Values And1348 Words   |  6 PagesReview of Subject This essay describes how values and demographics have changed in American society over the last 30 years, and how the changes have impacted marketing to American consumers. It starts with an overview of consumer behavior model which includes the influences on a consumer decision process, and how businesses can be successful in being the chosen brand in the decision process. It covers the three categories of values: self-oriented, environment-oriented, and other-oriented, and explores

Hitting a Baseball Is It the Hardest Thing to Do in All...

Have you ever wondered how baseball players are able to crush 400 foot homeruns? It takes years and years to perfect a baseball swing to be able to do that. Swinging a bat and hitting a baseball is a lot more difficult than most people think. The pros make it look so easy because they have to perfect many mechanics just to hit a ball hard on the sweet spot of the bat. â€Å"Hitting is the single most difficult thing to do in sport.† this coming from Ted Williams, one of the greatest hitters of all time. Hitting a baseball requires more mechanical precision compared to other sports (Williams). When baseball first started, the scores would be very low because no one knew how important the mechanics of the baseball swing were. This period of†¦show more content†¦Linear hitting really got started when the bats got lighter and the handles got skinnier. When this change occurred, it made it easier to shorten a player’s swing so he could reach the ball faster. This me thod also became more popular because it is easy to learn and to replicate. More young hitters are now using it because it teaches a player to get his power from his hands, wrists, and arms. But most kids have problems with this way of thinking because they are looking to hit homeruns. So instead, they drop their hands, swing hard, and then hit the ball straight up. Linear hitting really focuses on getting your hands to the ball and through the ball to make good contact (Jones). The big strong hitters today that look to try and pull the ball and hit for power use the hitting philosophy called rotational hitting. Rotational hitting is turning and pulling the ball. Most of the hitters who use rotational hitting usually do not have high averages. Rotational hitting teaches using your body, mainly the core, to generate more power. The whole goal of rotational hitting is just trying to hit the ball harder. Mike Epstein is most associated with the rotational philosophy and made it popul ar. If a player is just looking to hit the ball harder and farther, he should probably try rotational hitting (Epstein). Through time, the method of hitting has changed a lot. The two main hitting styles are linear and rotational hitting. From 1920 to 1975, rotational hitting wasShow MoreRelatedWhy Baseball Is the Most Difficult Sport Essay examples1144 Words   |  5 PagesOut of all the vast variety of sports there are, baseball is the most challenging and difficult sport to play. No other sport compares to the degree of difficulty that you have to deal with, like you do in playing the game of baseball. There are so many different elements that make this game the most difficult. Three major elements stick out in my mind as to why this wonderful sport is the toughest of all. The three main factors in my mind are the increased physical and hand eye coordination componentRead MoreBaseball Is The Hardest Sport Essay1470 Words   |  6 PagesBaseball is the Hardest Sport All sports in some ways are difficult. No two sports are exactly the same with the same struggles. Playing baseball is the most difficult due to the physical and mental challenges that are performed by the athletes. Baseball is not a sport that any athlete can just pick up and play. Professional baseball players have a season with 162 games before post season. Baseball players arent the biggest, the strongest, or the fastest. A baseball player can be any size andRead MoreEssay about Discourse Community1391 Words   |  6 Pagesappeals. Being in a discourse community has made me put these appeals into perspective. Understanding that being in that community made me a stronger woman. This will give me a chance to show you, my professor and classmates that softball is indeed a sport. I will prove why I attended this discourse community in softball at a young age to now by explaining the mental state of understanding the rules, the physical mechanisms, and the emotional connection it has on my authority, team and myself. HavingRead MoreEssay on The Use of Sterioids in Baseball1434 Words   |  6 PagesSteroids In Baseball Baseball was meant to be a sport for people to play and to have fun while doing it. It was like that for a while until drugs such as steroids started becoming more accessible. There has been an ongoing conversation lately about cheating in sports. Within the four major sports in the US, baseball has been talked about the most when it comes to cheating. It is not only a problem in Major League Baseball. Young kids playing in college use steroids. Nowadays, athletes will tryRead MoreAthletes Overpaid? Essay1018 Words   |  5 Pagesand teamwork, none of these things are on an SAT or a college admissions test. When someone watches a sporting event they don’t learn anything that has to do with the history of the world, important literature, essential science knowledge, or necessary math skills (aside from watching the score). These are four of the most important things needed to be successful in life. None of which come from watching professional athletes bouncing a ball, throwing a ball, or hitting a ball. When it is reallyRead MoreHow to Play Golf1607 Words   |  7 Pagesis a lot of sports you can play throughout your life but I would have to say playing golf is the most challenging. Like in basketball you can practice your free throw shots multiple times and keep getting close to the hoop, which is the target, and get frustrated that it didn’t go in. But in golf you rarely ever get close to the target and when you do it’s like making a basket, you are super excited. It takes patients, and dedication to keep practicing. The first thing you need to do if you areRead MorePresident Roosevelt and The Selective Training and Service Act2983 Words   |  12 Pagesgame of baseball was at an all-time high in the eyes of the American public. During the 1941 major league baseball season the fans of game knew they witnessed two things that would go on to be very special. First Joe DiMaggio reached a feat that very well may never happen again, hitting safely in 56 consecutive games. Then Ted Williams went on to finish the season with a batting average of .406, marking the last time a player has finished the season with a batting average over .400. As baseball blossomedRead MoreThis Photo Shows My Mom. She Is What Got This Family Up1694 Words   |  7 PagesThis photo shows my mom. She is what got this family up to their potential. She is always there to help us when we need her and she helped us do better and get the best that she can provide. Even though everything in the background owned by my dad but noth ing could have been done without her. This picture was taken in Vernon California 2016 at a company that’s considered big to most people and still growing. My mom was 9 when she left home and moved from one families house to another, to work andRead MoreNormal Distribution and Standard Deviation1399 Words   |  6 Pagesdistribution, range, standard deviation, stimulus Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.) Most professional baseball pitchers can throw a fastball over 145 km/h (90 mph). This gives the batter less than half a second to read the pitch, decide whether to swing, and then try to hit the ball. No wonder hitting a baseball is considered one of the hardest things to do in sports! 1. What are some things in your life you must react to quickly? You need to react quickly when you areRead MoreThe Legacy of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Essay2170 Words   |  9 PagesPeople do not acknowledge the struggles that African Americans had to endure for them to be treated equally, the way a true American is supposed to be treated. One of the ways they were not treated equally was by not being able to participate in sports with whites. From the beginning of our nation, colored people were highly disrespected and treated as if they were some type of animals, which have no say in what happens to them. They were not given any opportunities and were treated harshly because

Essay on World War One - 1910 Words

World War One When the guns of August 1914 shattered the peace of Europe, pitting Germany and Austria-Hungary (the Central Powers) against Britain, France, and Russia, President Woodrow Wilson on August 4 issued a proclamation of neutrality. Two weeks later he urged Americans to be impartial in thought as well as in action. But in the realms of both official policy and public opinion, neutrality proved difficult to sustain. Wilson insisted, for reasons of both principle and economic advantage, on full neutral trading rights with all the belligerent powers. Britain and Germany had different ideas. Each tried to throttle American trade with the other. Britain, whose battle fleet controlled the surface of the Atlantic, succeeded†¦show more content†¦He sought instead to arm American merchant vessels as a way of forestalling attacks and thus avoiding war. But the overt acts came with the sinking of several American ships in February and March 1917. At about the same time, newspapers published an intercepted telegram from German foreign minister Arthur Zimmermann, proposing a German-Mexican alliance against the United States. Mexicos reward would be the recovery of territory it had lost in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. Wilson, though reelected in November 1916 on the slogan He kept us out of war, asked Congress on April 2 for a declaration of war. Four days later, Congress complied, with six senators and fifty representatives (including the first congresswoman, Jeannette Rankin of Montana) voting against the war resolution. It is a fearful thing to lead this great peaceful people into war, Wilson declared in his war message. It was fearful indeed. The war had already butchered millions of Europeans and shredded the social fabric of many of the belligerent states, and in the United States, many people still opposed Americas involvement in the conflict. Many factors fostered the American reservations, even after the U-boat attacks and the Zimmermann telegram. One was Wilsons own suspicions about the war aims of Britain and France, which precluded his becoming their formalShow MoreRelatedWorld War One : The Great War1260 Words   |  6 PagesWorld War One, also known as the Great War, broke out across the world in August of 1914. European leaders expected it to be a short war, assuring their citizens that a resolution would occur before the start of the New Year (Stokstad). Those leaders could not have been any more wrong, because World War One lasted until November 11, 1918. The war goes down as one of the most destructive wars in all of history. An estimated ten million people lost their lives due to war efforts such as trench warfareRead MoreWorld War One Of The Great World1719 Words   |  7 PagesIt is in human’s nature to be destructive. Where we were given Earth as our home, we are also the ones who are destroying it. Choosing to extract oil from her surface for warmth, instead of using the warmth from the sun which was provided. Choosing to make sweets by a chemical process, instead of eating the natural sweet fruit found on plants. Humans cannot even get along with each other, creating the value of money out of paper, drawing imaginary lines on the surface to claimed who owns what landRead MoreWorld War One Of The Great World1712 Words   |  7 Pageslightness or darkness of the skin they were born with. Wars started popping up across the planet, titled successions, resolutions and dominance. One of the first major wars was titled World War One, also named the Great World, which split the planet in half: The Allies vs. The Central Powers. Nothing was truly known what happen during the war, only the soldiers who knew what was happening in their area. Afterwards serval authors published anti-war novels, sharing their stories of what happened in theRead MoreThe And Intensification Of World War O ne1218 Words   |  5 PagesIntensification of World War One by Its Belligerents. The First World War started from a minor conflict. However, poor decisions and lack of logical thinking by various belligerents, especially Germans, caused the minor conflict to become ‘The Great War’. Although, the German contribution to intensify the war was greater, all other belligerents who were influenced by the Germans in making decisions during the war were inclined to mistakes, leading to the disastrous outcome of the war. The First World War beganRead MoreWorld War One ( Wwi )1094 Words   |  5 Pages World War One (WWI) is an important event in history and impacted history in a great way for four years during 1914 to 1918. It is known as the â€Å"Great War† because the French, British, and Germans did not know there would be another world war in history. The events occurring through August and July of 1914 had catalysts to help the war build up its stockpile. The war was a conflict between the Allied Powers (France, Russia, Britain, Italy and the United States), and the Central Powers (Germany,Read MoreThe Beginning Of World War One1703 Words   |  7 PagesThe year 1914 brought with it the beginning of World War One, a profound war lasting a remarkable four years of relentless battles, bombings, and killings. It may be hard to conceive, but before the war officially broke out on July 28, 1914, Europe had been in the midst of a peaceful period that had lasted almost a century. The Great War did not end until November 11 of 1918. The Allies, initially consisting of Englan d, France, and Russia, fought against the Central Powers of Germany and Austria-Hungary;Read MoreWorld War One Essay4745 Words   |  19 PagesQuestion and answer format of everything in world war 1 1. Machine guns: These weapons were first used in the American Civil War to devastating effect. But with World War One their effectiveness reached frightening new levels. Firing up to 600 bullets a minute (the equivalent of 250 men with rifles), Machine Guns were then deemed to be ‘weapons of mass destruction. Machine guns would often be grouped together to maintain a constant defensive position. 2. Artillery: These were the new and upgradedRead MoreThe Events Of World War One1108 Words   |  5 PagesWorld War One, a war that was centralized in Europe and resulted due to the reaction to the assassination of the archduke of Austria-Hungary, Franz, Ferdinand, and his wife, Sophia, on June 28th, 14 at Sarajevo, Bosnia-Herzegovina’s at the hands of Gavrilo Princip, a nineteen year old who had ties with the military group known as the Black Hand. For the war, there were two alliances made that were fighting: the Triple Entente made up of Britain, France, and Russia and the Triple Alliance made upRead MoreThe Progression of World War One Essay599 Words   |  3 PagesWorld War I began in July 1914. World War I is also known as The Great War and The First World War. Many Americans were for the Allies and hoped for their victory, but did not want to join the conflict. Woodrow Wilson was the President of the United States when the war began. The assassination of Archduke F ranz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie started the war. Ferdinand was assassinated by Gavrilo Princip, in Sarajevo, Bosnia on June 28, 1914. On July 28, Austria-Hungary declared war on Germany. OnRead MoreEssay on Causes of World War One612 Words   |  3 PagesCauses of World War One There were many reasons as to why WWI began. The long term causes were imperial and economic rivalry between Britain and Germany. Britain was jealous of Germany because Germanys strength was growing- it was producing more iron and steel than Britain. Germanys navy was growing and its empire was expanding. Germany was jealous of Britains empire and wealth. It also feared the fact that unfriendly countries (France and Russia) were on its eastern

Interpretation Relation Case Before Making -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Interpretation Relation Case Before Making? Answer: Introducation The first slide is in relation to the introduction of the case. The slide introduces the case to the audience. This case is in relation to the per say rule as defined by Sokol, (2014). When it comes to the per say rule it means it the action is inherent. This management that where an action is illegal per say it signifies that the action is illegal inherently. Therefore an act can be said to be illegal even where there is no extrinsic proff in relation to any surrounding situation such as lack of defenses or scienter. An legislation can be per say made illegal through the enactment of a statue, a case law or by the amendment of the constitution. A per say rule is a generalized rule the application of which is done without the consideration of any specific circumstances. A per say rule is a rule which is in relation to restraining a particular trade as contrary manifestly to competition so an inquiry into precise purpose or harm is not needed for it to be declared illegal. This slide is in relation to the facts of the case. In this case Metro (The plaintiff) is a distributor and importer of kitchenware products. The plaintiff initiated a business of stainless steel in the year 1977. It began to purchase bowls for the defendant (Sammi) in 1978 and expanded its business in a few year towards other kitchenware. The primary business of the plaintiff was selling stainless steel kitchenware in 1981. The defendant is a large trading company based in Korea which deals with several steel products and exports in other countries along with United states. It has been alleged by plaintiff that in 1981 it had discussed the idea of a line of stainless steel steamers with the defendants. The design was registered by the defendant. A disruption of supply had been witnessed by the plaintiff in 1983. It is alleged by the plaintiff that defendant made attempts to block the procurement of the products by the plaintiff from other companies. The plaintiff was however able to procure the products from another company in relation to which it did not face any disruption. This slide is in relation to the procedural background of the case. A compliant had been filed by Metro in late 1981 in the United States District Court for the Central District of Californiaagainst the defendant Sammi along with two of its American subsidiaries. Here the plaintiff had made an allegation that 13, 14, and 18)2, 3, and 7 of the Clayton Act (15 U.S.C. 1 and 2) and 1 and 2 of the Sherman Act (15 U.S.C. ) along with other provisions have been breached by the defendants. The case of t plaintiff against the defendant had been dismissed in the year 1984 June as the court did not have personal jurisdiction. The district court had commenced a bench trial in the year 1986 against the two subsidiaries of the Company in America. The essence in relation to this case against the subsidiary operations was that they had indulged in a conduct of predatory pricing having an intention of monopolizing mixing bowl and stainless steel steamermarket. In pursuant to section 41(b) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure a motion for involuntary dismissal had been filed by the subsidiary companies that a prima faice case had not been presented by the plaintiff. This slide is in relation to the decision made by the court in relation to the case. In this case it had been held by the court that the summary judgment has to be provided to Sammi as it had been stated in the district count. In addition the court also affirmed the denial of the district court which had been made in relation to cross-motion for summary judgment filed by Metro. This slide is in relation to the discussion of laws done by the court towards the case. According to 1 (1994).15 U.S.C. an allegation which had been made by the plaintiff that the Korean Holloware Association registration system consist of a naked market division agreement and is per se illegal as per the Sherman Act. This allegation was held not to be correct by the court as it was stated that the sharman Act does not per se declare such agreement as invalid and further it cannot be established without further investigations. In addition the violation of the Sherman Act would have only been established in case the conduct which occurred outside US had significant negative impacts on the trade within US. A case by case determination is done in situation where violation of 1 of the Sherman Act is to be identified as stated in Business Elecs. Corp. v. Sharp Elecs. Corp., 485 U.S. 717, 723, 108 S.Ct. 1515, 1519, 99 L.Ed.2d 808 (1988). In auditing it had been provided by the court that Such agreements are those that always or almost always tend to restrict competition and decrease output. This slide is in relation to the additional information provided by the court. It was stated by the court in this case that there cannot be any conspiracy for anti-competiveness in relation to sammi and its subsidiaries as they had common ownership and the holding of the district court the defendant had not violated Id. at 1463-64.California Unfair Trade Practices Act was correct. The same theory had been declined by the court in Vollrath as it was not raised before the district court of Vollrath. Only the penalty provisions of 1 had been altered through the 1990 amendments however there was no change in relation to the language. This slide concludes the case by stating the court had taken into consideration all legal aspects before making a correct decision in relation to the parties of the case. The court has critically analyzed all relevant laws and their interpretation in relation to the case before making the decision. References Sokol, D. D. (2014). The Transformation of Vertical Restraints: Per Se Illegality, the Rule of Reason and Per Se Legality. Metro industries inc v. Sammi corporation no.94-56180 decided: business-law, 1996

Biology Lactase Lab Report Example Sample

Biology Lactase Lab Report Example Paper Both plots of data were hen used to find at which concentrations of NP absorption levels, and thus enzyme activity rates, were at their highest across each of the three pH solutions. Based on the results of both experiments, it was found that a pH of 5 is the optimal pH for the productivity of lactate enzyme. INTRODUCTION: Lactate enzyme is used throughout the food industry to break lactose, found in milk, down into the sugars glucose and calaboose. A deficiency in lactate prevents the breakdown of lactose and results in what is called lactose intolerance, which can lead to digestion problems, cramps, and possibly diarrhea upon ingestion of airy products (Phillips). Through the use of lactate outside of the body, milk is separated into its more viscous and creamy form for the production of dessert products such as ice cream. Many enzymes are proteins that lower the activation energy needed to start chemical reactions that are crucial to the survival of life. Alike to other proteins enzymes undergo changes in shape based on the surrounding environment, and thus their productivity changes as well. Many factors affect the productivity of enzyme including temperature, concentration of enzyme in a reaction, and pH (Gangland 441). In this experiment the factors of concentration and pH were tested. The tests performed were done so in order to investigate the effects of pH and concentration difference on the overall productivity of lactate enzyme by measuring light absorbency levels of enzyme while changing each of the two variables over time. We will write a custom essay sample on Biology Lactase Lab Report Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Biology Lactase Lab Report Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Biology Lactase Lab Report Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It was hypothesized that as concentration of enzyme precipitate in the form of NP was increased so would the absorption levels. It was also hypothesized that if the lactate enzyme reaction took place at a pH of 5 it would have the highest absorbency level as reactions with other pH levels loud change the enzymes shape and thus decrease overall absorbency (Bunkhouses). MATERIALS METHODS: Absorbency levels of a 40% NP concentration in 5 ml were measured at wavelengths ranging from 400-600 NM by 20 NM intervals to find the optimal wavelength for testing. Absorbency levels of a pH 5 buffer and NP solution were measured at amounts of NP ranging from O to . 40 mol. A blank was made containing 20% lactate enzyme in 5 ml. In a small beaker 15 ml of pH 5 buffer and 6 ml of enzyme were mixed. To each of 5 civets, initially 1 ml of Niacin was added. As soon as 3 ml of GNP was added to the small beaker, creating a . 05 p mole concentration of NP, a timer was started and 4 ml of solution was added to the cavetti labeled 0. The first hypothesis stated that as the concentration increased so would the absorption level. According to Figure 1 such is the case where as the total concentration of NP increased, the absorption increased steadily in an all but linear fashion. This shows that an increased concentration of enzyme within a reaction, whether lactate or not, could mean increased activity and thus a better catalysis of reactants, such as lactose, into more usable product, such as glucose and calaboose (Phillips). The second hypothesis stated that the maximum absorption levels from the reaction of GNP to produce NP precipitate would be highest at a pH of 5 and decrease as a solution got farther from that optimal pH value (Bunkhouses). As shown in Figure 2 the tests acted exactly as was originally predicted. Figure 2 mainly shows that lactate enzyme has a very small window of for optimal pH, centering around 5 and decreasing drastically at a pH of 6. This shows that the bodys ability to keep pH values in the digestive tract, as well as other areas, mostly constant, is crucial to the survivability of life. If pH values are not within the optimum for an enzyme to function, it not only lowers production but also begins to unfold the proteins and thus denatures the enzyme and eventually halts the catalysis of the reaction if the pH is too far to either side of the optimum. This relates back to the rate of enzyme catalysis f lactose in the human digestive tract and how fluctuations in pH can cause issues such as lactose intolerance (Phillips). While the optimum pH range of lactate enzyme is shown to be very small, it is not the case for all enzymes. Every protein reacts differently when introduced to new surrounding environments. In some cases proteins and thus enzymes can have a large tolerance to changes in pH; such is the case with acid phosphate, an enzyme found throughout the body as well as in blood. Acid phosphate is shown to have an optimum pH ranging anywhere from 4. 9 to 6. 0 (Gangland 444). This reiterates the profound ND necessary ability to regulate pH levels throughout the different systems of the body. While both concentration of NP and the optimum pH ranges are discussed and tested in this lab, one major factor that was not observed in detail was time. The lactate enzyme catcalled the reaction and each experiment was set to run over the course of 8 minutes, one possible change that could be made would be to run the experiment for a longer period of time to see its effects on the rate of production of NP. In both Figure 2 and 3 the reaction was tested at a final time of 8 minutes, but in each of the tests it was observed that the absorption level as well as the concentration level of NP was still climbing.

How far would you agree that plural societies in South East essays

How far would you agree that plural societies in South East essays A plural society is one based on the principle that people of different races, religion and political beliefs live together within the same community. Western colonialism refers to the period in which the European countries mainly Britain, France and Holland, controlled a region or a country of their interests both economically and politically. South East Asian states had been under the control of the colonizing European countries since 1870s except the non-colonial Siam. Ethnic diversity had existed in pre-colonial South East Asia. There were differences in language or rather dialect, lifestyles and occupation although the people were of the same ethnic group. However, despite the pre-existing conditions in South East Asia, western colonization was seen as the key factor in the formation of plural societies. Unlike the earlier South East Asias conquerors, the Western colonial power didnt want to be at the same level as the indigenous people. According to Butcher and Taylor, the Europeans began placing greater distances between themselves and Asians. When more Europeans came to the colonies, all relations with other races came to an end because they were following the concepts of superiority and inferiority by which they considered themselves as the civilized group of people who came to South East Asia to teach the Asians their values and lifestyles. As indigenous people started to behave like Europeans and got English education, the Europeans couldnt see their uniqueness and superiority anymore and thus, they began to segregate Asians from their enclaves. The colour bar was used by the Europeans as a means of maintaining their supremacy. There is a variety of conditions that caused the development of plural societies in South East Asian states during the western colonial era. Since the Europeans regarded themselves as the ruling class in their colonies, they therefore had the right t...

Global Study300 Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Global Study300 - Movie Review Example The globalization can be considered as an outcome of discrediting communism and the excessive harnessing of fortunes by nations to the newly introduced global markets. Within the United States, Democratic as well as Republican administrations embrace unshackled globalization over the dissents of organized labor. The foremost real examination of globalization for America happened in 1993, with the execution of NAFTA. The NAFTA’s scope was the North American nations of Mexico, Canada and The United States. It was drafted and substantially afoot during the presidential term of George H.W. Bush, although it was completely enforced under the regime of Bill Clinton. This trade organization received substantial endorsement by Wall Street and business leaders but was excessively criticized by labor leaders of United States. It was Clinton plans that won during the election campaigns in 1992 which provided that NAFTA is needed to be implemented but it should force Mexico to increase pollution and labor standards in order to make them parallel to the U.S. standards. Therefore the basis of this unrestricted trade was set and the U.S policy makers can be attributed as its authors and directors (Heights Production

The Marketing Mix applied to a fast mocing consumer product Essay

The Marketing Mix applied to a fast mocing consumer product - Essay Example Customers tend to have built up brand loyalty due to the sentimental value that the branding has created over the years. For older customers, it may remind them of their own childhood days when their kids eat them and as for kids they will carry the memories on to their net generation. The Target customer of Cadbury associates sentimental value to it and thus Cadbury has become habitual for them. The packaging has been consistent during the last decades. The only changes have been in sies .The packaging is localized (in local language) to communicate the message of Cadbury to the customers. The packaging emphasizes on the brand color association i.e. Purple and all Cadbury dairy milk chocolates have the same solid purple color in their packaging. The packaging of Cadbury for the customers is convenient. It serves the function of keeping the chocolate fresh and crisp until consumption. It provides the health facts on its packaging for the health conscious people in their local language. The packaging of Cadbury, and the variants that are being offered, are made to suit the requirements of the customers. Thus the target customer of Cadbury dairy Milk seek: - The graphics on the Cadbury Dairy milk chocolate include the net weight, graphics showing the components i.e. milk pouring into chocolate bars, the positioning statement "more to share", barcode indicating shelf life, instructions to discard wrapper in the bin and diagrams showing it is best for consumption of vegetarians The target customer of Cadbury is: - 1. Health Conscious 2. Has positive response to the Cadbury Dairy Milk brand name 3. Likes to share the special moments in life with other people as demonstrated by the positioning statement. 4. Is conscious of the freshness of the product he is consuming 5. Best suited as an in between meals snack for vegetarians. Product support services Unsold bars that have exceeded their shelf life can be returned to the manufacturers The target customer: - 1 wants value for money and is quality conscious and can easily shift to other brands if their favorite brand does not deliver the quality it promises. Price Product mi pricing Cadbury Schweppes, the Australian Cadbury manufacturing company, has a diversified product mi and follows a market segmentation strategy focusing on different market segments some brands include Cherry Ripe, Crunchie, Freddo The target customer of Cadbury is: - Varying tastes The target customers are from different age groups Freddo is strictly for kids, Cadbury is for teenagers The target customers have different, localize tastes in different markets for example the target customers of Australia prefer the cherry flavor so for them the unique

The Introduction To The Kashmir Conflict History Essay

The Introduction To The Kashmir Conflict History Essay Demarcating boundaries to create nations has been an onerous exercise that has always been replete with controversies. Conflicts have been prevailing over it across the globe. This conflict has extended towards sea bodies as countries compete to control oil wells and other resources. The conflicts concerning North Korea and South Korea, the US and Mexico and Japan and China are some of the examples that have drawn international attention. The paper will however focus on issues related to the stalemate over Kashmir between India and Pakistan. Before 1947 India and Pakistan were a part of a Union that was under the control of the British Raj. While leaving, the colonial powers separated the region on the basis of religion giving rise to two nations: India and Pakistan. The transition was mired with incidents that were fraught with bloodshed and consequently the two nations developed an animosity towards each other. Another reason for conflict was over territorial command over Kashmir; an Indian state that lay along the borders of India and Pakistan. In a bid to control the region the two countries have been involved in numerous wars: the war in 1948 and 1965 and the Kargil war of 1999. India opines that Pakistan along with its agencies like the Inter-Services Intelligence or the ISI finances terrorism in the region to create instability while Pakistan claims that they rightfully own Kashmir. The region also has a third group known as separatists who want a separate identity without being a part of either India or Pakistan. The people of Kashmir have been traumatized by the level of insurgency in the region along with the atrocities committed by the Indian army under the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act (AFSPA). At one time people had an inclination towards a particular nation but the atrocities perpetrated by these nations have held public opinion against these countries. Some have accepted the fact that they are helpless while the reactive ones resort to activities like mass protest and large scale stone slinging in order to claim their basic rights. The literature serves to provide a background to the conflict that includes the three major wars fought between them. It will first cover the reasons that led to the three wars (the 1948-1949 war, the 1965 war and the Kargil war) and the perspectives of both the countries will be discussed in relation to these confrontations. Elaborating on historical and contemporary issues, a comprehensive outlook of India and Pakistan on the Kashmir issue will be discussed and the disparities will be extrapolated. Finally the paper will discuss the possible solutions to the Kashmir conflict. The solutions will be intensive and would encompass issues such as water sharing, providing autonomy to the people of Kashmir, nurturing trade and commerce and demarcating the boundaries of Kashmir based on communal considerations. The Battle for Kashmir a. Immediate post-independence 1948-1949 period As soon as the states of India and Pakistan were formed in 1947, the controversy over Kashmir arose. The two nations have been involved in four wars since the British left the subcontinent and the 1947-1948 was the first among them in which the rightful command over Kashmir was the contentious issue.  [1]  When the two countries were first formed, Kashmir was ruled by a Hindu king by the name of Maharaja Hari Singh. He was neutral to India and Pakistan and chose to remain independent. On October 22, 1947 a large number of armed tribesmen  [2]  , made inroads into Kashmir, plundered the villages and later set fire to these villages. It was at this moment that the king sought the assistance of India and in return decided to make Kashmir a part of the Indian Union. This gave rise to further conflict in the region. In 1947, India and Pakistan went to war over Kashmir. Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru appealed to ask the United Nations to intervene and a UN cease-fire was ar ranged for December 31, 1948.  [3]  A ceasefire was established through a Line of Control and Kashmir was acknowledged as a disputed territory (Kashmir is still considered to be a disputed territory against the popular belief in India that the region is a part of it). What needs to be acknowledged is that the war over Kashmir just after Independence had numerous dimensions to it. The Indian contingent claims that the Maharaja of Kashmir was harassed by the constant pillaging of Kashmiri villages by the tribesmen of Pakistan. To protect the interests of the Kashmiri people the Maharaja signed instrument of Accession to India.  [4]  It was further considered that the terrorist forces were under the patronage of Pakistan and was aimed at destabilizing the region. India further claims that it managed to garner the support from the Kashmiris and under plebiscite rule it became a part of the nation. Pakistan on the other hand held an opinion that was totally different. Pakistan never believed in the Accession agreement signed by India and continued to occupy a third portion of Kashmir.  [5]  The varied opinion was the main reason that led to the war and it was only after the interruption of the UN that both sides acknowledged the existence of a ceasefire. India continued to occupy most parts of Kashmir while the international community along with Pakistan refuted such a territorial occupation. Pakistan managed to control a part of the territory and at the same time refuted Indias claim. This was the scenario that prevailed in Kashmir after the war. The endeavors of the UN and the British prevented both the nations from breaking out into a war. Kashmir however was not given the privileges of a democracy by the India Union. India laid down the condition that unless Pakistani troops vacated the remaining portion entirely, democratic rights would be curbed in the region. Through the 1950s  [6]  , there was a tussle between the State Assembly and the power at the Centre in India for a more autonomous government. The Indian government was however very adamant in tackling the situation and maintained a heavy military presence in the region. It was in this period that the people of Kashmir were subjected to strict military surveillance be cause the Indian politicians especially Nehru was of the opinion that if the people were given the liberty, it would promote Pakistan-sponsored terrorism in the region. b. 1965 War The year 1965 saw a desperate attempt by the Pakistani forces to seize Kashmir from the clasp of India. Between 1956 and 1962  [7]  , Pakistan managed to procure a heavy consignment of military equipment and this narrowed down the military prowess of India and Pakistan. Americas assistance to Pakistan could be a retaliatory step considering the fact that India and the Soviet Union had maintained a cordial relationship and this was beyond the comfort level of the US. The procurement emboldened Pakistan and it launched a fresh attack on India. India was however successful in fending off the attack and sought for international intervention in the region in order to settle the dispute. It was for the first time that an international player (other than the UN took part in the Kashmir issue). The Security Council passed Resolution 211 that mandated both the parties to respect the ceasefire and recede back to their respective territories  [8]  . Even countries like the US stopped pr oviding arms and ammunition to both the countries. This was instrumental in bringing both the parties to the talking table with the Soviet Union as the mediator. A treaty was signed by both parties in Tashkent and as per the treaty the armies of both the nations withdrew from the disputed area. The 1965 War clearly demonstrated the significance of the Kashmir issue and brought to light the roles played by China, the US and the Soviet in the geopolitics of South Asia. Unfortunately the cease fire that was promulgated by the foreign powers did not have any bearing in the relationship between the two countries.  [9]  It was only a titular agreement between the two countries that was aimed at preventing any sort of confrontation between the Indian Army and the Pakistani Army. The scenario in Kashmir and the plight of the Kashmiris did not undergo any change after the war. c. 1999 War A recurrent military-hybrid shift occurred in the 1980s through to the 1990s. After establishing a military regime through a coup in 1977, General Zia-ul-Haq came to rely significantly upon Islamist groups for domestic political legitimacy.  [10]  It was in this era that militancy in the region reached new heights. India blamed the Pakistani intelligence agencies for providing financial and logistical support to these militant groups. While a portion of the blame can be attributed to Pakistan, the Indian Army operating in the region had a role to play in the proliferation of these groups. What needs to be acknowledged is the fact there was widespread infiltration from the Pakistani borders into Indian soil. This was a constant feature in the 1990s and the Indian Army resorted to air attacks in a bid to stop infiltration into the country. It was claimed by India that the infiltrators were backed up by the Pakistani soldiers patrolling the borders. As the air raids to curb the infl ux heated up, Pakistan troops retaliated. The domino effect continued and this gave rise to the Kargil War in 1999. Constant shelling and airstrikes was a constant feature of the war. According to a Red Cross Report at least 30,000  [11]  were rendered homeless and they sought refuge in the Pakistani side of the Line of Control. Like the other two battles mentioned before, this too came to an end after an intervention by a third party. Pakistan and India both celebrated their victory in the war but the volatility in the region was never erased. As fallout of the insignificance of the war, the Prime Minister of Pakistan had to pave way for General Musharraf who seemingly focused on economic and social issues. Issue of the disputes The Kashmir conflict presents a very diabolical situation owing to the myriad opinions held by the two stakeholders on either side of the border. Both the sides have been steadfast in holding on to their whims and this has been the most serious issue. While numerous arrangements have been organized to tackle the issue, the unwillingness of both the parties has not allowed these talks to proceed in a positive direction. It is also noticeable that there has been a shift in the viewpoints when it comes to taking possession of Kashmir. A look into the perspectives of both the countries so that our understanding of the problem becomes clearer. a. The Pakistanis Argument Pakistan has always considered itself to be the deprived party when it comes to having a stake in Kashmir. In the earlier stages of the struggle, that is, the period just after 1947, Pakistan was over inclined to make Kashmir a part of it because of the higher percentage of Muslims in the region. So when India occupied the region, it was a feeling of deprivation for Pakistan. In retaliation to it, the Army tried to capture Kashmir but did not succeed. Pakistan has very often resorted to cataclysmic religious violence  [12]  in a bid to destabilize the region and win the sympathy of the Kashmiris. This was not the case in the earlier stage when fundamentalism with respect to religion was not tapped to secure Kashmir. During the early stages of the conflict, the Army was the face of Pakistan and it did not budge in revealing its intentions to claim Kashmir. However the brazen steps taken by the Army drew the wrath of international players and so it resorted to hardliners so that a proxy war could be fought. This can be proven from the fact that the number of infiltrations increasing in the period concerned. One would raise ones eyebrow considering the fact these people managed to cross the border with relative ease and without any sort of hindrance from the Pakistani side. Pakistan has always supported the UN Security Council resolutions that envisaged the Kashmiri people determining in a plebiscite  [13]  as opposed to the command over the region by the Indian Union. The recent statement by the president of Pakistan clearly demonstrates the fact that Pakistan is eager to see a Kashmir which is free from the clout of India. Zardari remarked that Pakistan will continue to support the right of the people of Jammu Kashmir to peacefully choose their destiny in accordance with the UN Security Councils long-standing resolutions on this matter.  [14]  India on the other hand has been able to ward off international pressure in spite of depriving the people of Kashmir a plebiscite rule. This has been the main concern for Pakistan because it would have preferred a neutral player controlling Kashmir instead of India. Occasionally, the Pakistani contingent has vented their war by making inroads into Kashmir through the coercive path. Pakistan has time and again improved its military might with the help of countries like China and Iran and when it felt that it could capture Kashmir, it instigated a war. Pakistan has also maintained s firm base in the Line of Control in the form of terrorist groups. Pakistan is now endeavoring to spread the cult of militancy and terrorism in new areas south of the Pir Panjal range in the Jammu region.  [15]  In this way Pakistan believes that the people of Kashmir would develop a deep sense of animosity towards India and enhance Pakistans propaganda of destabilizing the zone. One can even claim that Pakistan has been effective in this front as there have been numerous incidents involving tensions between Kashmir pundits and the majority Muslim population. The area covered by Azad Kashmir has been the nurturing ground for numerous fundamentalist groups namely Lashkar-e-Taiba and Jaish-e-Mohammad.  [16]  Pakistan believes that it is their right to fight a battle in the name of religion and to claim Kashmir. Though this perspective is not blatantly endorsed, there has been enough proof to validate this claim. Leaders of militant groups such as L akhvi and Hafeez Saeed have found safe havens in Pakistan and all attempts to extradite them have failed. b. Indias Argument India has always claimed to be the rightful rulers of Kashmir. It does not acknowledge the UNs opinion of considering Kashmir as a disputed region. Additionally India has meted out special treatment to the region by curbing most of the democratic rights. While India is a democratic region, Kashmir has a military rule. Only recently has the legitimacy of the plebiscite rule been felt. The three wars fought with Pakistan have made the country wary of Pakistans intention so it feels justified to ramp up the military operations in the region. Unfortunately the Army and the implementation of Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act (AFSPA) have given rise to controversies pertaining to human rights. Other moves included detaining suspected terrorists under Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act, TADA (a controversial Act passed solely for this purpose), clamping unrest in the form of curfews, house to house searches and indiscriminate interrogation of the natives.  [17]  Throug h stringent rules India intends to keep the radical elements in check but on paper India establishes Kashmir as a democratic state with all the privileges of an autonomous state in the Indian Union. Kashmir is also of prime significance as it is the boiling point for the countries surrounding it. So by gaining extra mileage in any form India wants to exert its presence in the region. India considers such momentum important in order to curb the collusion between Pakistan and China against it. The wars in 1960s and the late 1990s were primarily initiated once Pakistan believed that it has the military prowess to defeat India. This confidence did not generate internally. The support extended by the US and China helped Pakistan improve its arsenal. So by maintain a firm base in Kashmir, India believes that it can negate the attacks perpetrated by Pakistan. Recent events show that the dispute over Kashmir has been taken to a new level after the increase in the number of infiltrators. India has been a victim of many terrorist activities in the past and the trace of the miscreants trailed up to the terrorist organizations in Kashmir and Pakistan. So India believes that unless it ramps up its military activities in Kashmir and the borders surrounding it the influx of such infiltrants would be in the ascendancy. As a result, the late 1980s witnessed a number of measures that was aimed at stopping the inflow. All men above the age of eighteen were issued identity cards and paramilitary patrols were stepped up in the region.  [18]  In spite of these measures and the increased surveillance across the borders, India has been a victim to the infiltrators who were responsible for carrying out blasts across cities and for carrying out the 26/11 Mumbai bloody drama, which involved attacks in as many as 11 places in the city that left 183 people , including 22 foreigners, dead.  [19]   Facets of Dispute Resolution There has been diversity in opinions when commentators narrate the current situation in Kashmir. While most are optimistic in their assessment there are many who still believe (especially separatists occupying Kashmir) that there no hope for Kashmir in the near future. This can be remarked from the increased activism by separatist groups. Even ordinary citizens from either side of the border perceive each other as threats. The era from 1947 to 2000 was unproductive as there were no resolute measures in resolving the stalemate. However according to the first school of thought there is a silver lining that seems to have appeared in this century. In the new century, changing trends in all fields of knowledge and the emphasis of people-to-people contact has become important for promoting mutual understanding between India and Pakistan.  [20]  It is fortunate that both the cultures are similar and this could be a basis for a friendly relationship. Both the countries have nuclear capabilities and this has decreased the possibility of a full scale war. Recently there have been talks that have promoted trade between the two nations. India was never in the most favored list of countries for trade with a very narrow positive list of 786 goods.  [21]  Pakistan has recently considered Indias case and one could soon see a transition in which bilateral trade is conducted between the two countries and this can be a catalyst in the peace talks between the two nations. Kashmir would also be an important region as it could intermediate the high volumes of trade that would ensue once the barriers to trade open up. On the flip side there has been numerous instances in which the talks to promote peace have failed miserably. The failed talks have been a major bottleneck in the way ahead because once such an event occurs there is a period of sustained inactivity in which both the parties refuse to cooperate in the peace dialogues. Most talks seem to revolve around Kashmir, border disputes and water sharing agreement. Unfortunately most issues remain unsolved for a very long time. Pakistans association with China also raises eyebrows in India and this could be a deterrent in the way ahead. India has never accepted China to be a super power in the subcontinent and there have been occasions of territorial dispute between India and China.  [22]  This has been a critical determinant in the interrelationship between India, Pakistan and China. The formation of a separatist group has added to the woes of Pakistan and India by adding another dimension to the Kashmir issue. The separatist groups have also started being vocal in demanding greater control through ideological leanings, political strategies, and goals  [23]  and have therefore started participating in the political agenda of Kashmir. Pakistan have always supposed these groups probably to avenge the 1971 episode in which India supported the creation of Bangladesh which was then a part of Pakistan. The separatists have deep animosity towards the Indian government and they are ruthless in displaying their discontent towards people who favor India. While the challenges that the stakeholders face is mottled, all the parties (India, Pakistan, Separatist and even China) should look to bring peace in the region. There can be numerous ways of coming out of the quagmire but it will require concerted efforts from every party and at the same time each player should be willing to be more open minded in accepting the credibility of the other party. Resolving the Kashmir Dispute The first step would be to demarcate the boundaries of Kashmir in a manner such that all the parties agree to it. It should be noted that the people of Kashmir should have their consensus before any line is drawn. Moreover history has proven that the Line of Control is a very volatile territory and very often the army of one country has a tendency to encroach upon foreign territory. It is therefore advisable that both the countries retract their army to a distance that is of considerable length. Involving a third party in the dispute has rarely paid off but the two countries could have a third party to monitor the activity at the borders. No third party would be willing to provide such support unless the financial assistance is provided by India and Pakistan. This will obviously be a costly affair but it will reconcile the two troops within safe distance from each other. While this is done, the Kashmir people can have their say in deciding their fate. Mere division of territories also presents numerous problems. Kashmir is home to various religious sects and this aspect of it has to be respected while moving along the lines of a division. It is highly improbable for the Hindu dominated region to accept Pakistan while the Buddhist contingent have always opposed the idea of a separate state.  [24]  Therefore when a divide is created based on vote structure, the people who will be the minority may face serious threats from the majority population. They would want to reside in a place where they find safety in numbers and the immigration of minority population may not be a smooth process as witnessed in 1947 after the partition took place. The nuclearization of India and Pakistan is thus an extraordinary moment in the narrative of Partition: both its telos, in that it confirms the national jingoism and the bloodthirsty hatreds that propelled the mass slayings and movements of population in 1947.  [25]  Therefore even if Kashmi r was to be divided based on religious inclinations, both India and Pakistan must provide a safe environment for the minority groups. It is the responsibility of the governments on either side to include people in the administrative processes. Both should give more liberty, not merely by granting elections but also by rolling back restrictions on business, terminating governmental monopolies in trade and commerce, and encouraging international investment bodies such as the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank.  [26]  This is one area where both the countries have failed miserably. Preoccupying the Kashmir people with trade and commerce could have at least reduced dissatisfaction from the indigenous masses. 80% of the people depend on agriculture while the mineral rich state has not been fully exploited for commercial production.  [27]  Kashmir is also a very scenic place and has the scope for exploiting the tourism industry that has the potential to provide job opportunities to a lot many Kashmiris. The other facet of facilitating trade and commerce is that Kashmir will be integrated with their respect ive Unions. It will also provide scope for developing infrastructure like schools, roads and hospitals. With quality education and prosperous job opportunities, hardline groups will not be able to lure the youth into committing radical activities. While sections of the society have been able to lead a life of opulence there are many who have been deprived of basic necessities.  [28]  It was primarily the children of the latter section of the society who had been hoodwinked into pursuing radical activities. Extensive infrastructure coupled with quality education could be a way of appeasing the unrest among youth who rarely have anything to do. While control over Kashmir has been the contentious issue for India and Pakistan, both the countries have failed to resolve issues to sharing of water bodies. Even if the territories were to be demarcated aptly in order to suit the likings of the local masses, Kashmir presents another problem that is very significant. The Kashmir imbroglio has always been looked upon as a territorial dispute and water sharing have been given little thought to water sharing treaties. Both have so far managed to uphold a World Bank-mediated Indus Water Treaty (IWT) that provides mechanisms for resolving disputes over water sharing.  [29]  One cannot rely on the Treaty being a resolute stance taken by both the countries and any form of water scarcity in any country could lead to non-conformant of the agreement. Hostilities over water sharing between India and its more benevolent neighbor Bangladesh has already started and one can only expect the same relationship between India and Pakistan if any sc arcity arises. The Indus Water Treaty (1960)  [30]  that was intermediated by the World Bank has been able to keep both the parties at ease and the issue has not been the mooting point when peace dialogues have taken place. However one should realize the fact that the situation is still volatile. Over the years the issues concerning India and Pakistan have been Kashmir, insurgency, trade etc. Once these issues get resolved it is very likely that the issues related to water sharing may crop up and give rise to hostility between the two nations. As there is a rapid growth in urbanization there is a scarcity of potable water. Waterlogging, salinity, groundwater depletion and irrigation inefficiency continue to threaten agricultural production  [31]  and the Indus Water Treaty should be strong enough to be insulated from these phenomenon. It is also high time that the two countries looked at each other for support rather than going to international agencies. Both the countries h ave developed significantly over the years and they have sufficient resources to assess their situation better. Relying on the World Bank implies distrust towards each other and a sense of incapability to solve critical issues. Finally both the countries should not resort to any means that destabilizes the region. On the Pakistani side there is the Inter-Services Intelligence that is accused of training militants not only in Kashmir but also in regions bounding Afghanistan. People holding responsible positions in Pakistans administration along with many retired personnel have hinted on the relationship between the Inter-Services Intelligence and the militant groups.  [32]  On the Indian side there is the Research and Analysis Wing that is accused of spying into Pakistan and involving in secret activities. Throughout the Soviet/Afghan War the Research and Analysis Wing was responsible for the planning and execution of terrorist activities in Pakistan to deter Pakistan from support of Afghan liberation movement against Indias ally, the Soviet Union.  [33]  Both sides accuse each other for facilitating bombing activities and resorting to means that destabilizes the region. This should be stopped immedi ately if both countries want to look at a brighter future. Sponsoring terrorism can have a retaliatory effect as illustrated by the Al-Qaeda Pakistan relation today. While Pakistan maintained a cordial relationship with the outfit, the 9/11 episode mandated Pakistan to take steps that would destabilize the group. Pakistan still faces a difficult choice; whether to support the group in order to take advantage of state sponsored terrorism or to completely eradicate the presence of these fundamentalist group from Pakistani soil. The Kashmir conflict has become more complicated since its inception and requires a thorough analysis of the issue in order to come to any definite solution. Moreover it is cannot be tackled by a one dimens

Psychotherapy Essay -- Psychology, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

My preferred theoretical orientation is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). The main assumption of CBT is that events and situations in life do not cause emotional problems (e.g., guilt or depression); rather problems are due to irrational beliefs and perceptions about the situations (Corey, 2009). The goals of CBT focus on correcting the client’s automatic and self-defeating thoughts, which should ultimately help them to develop a more adaptive philosophy of life (Corey, 2009). I like that this approach focuses on challenging and changing the client’s cognitive distortions, core beliefs, automatic thoughts, and schemas. Another positive aspect is that this approach focuses on the cognitive triad, which consists of how one views the self, the world, and the future (Corey, 2009). Furthermore, CBT places responsibility on the individual to put insight into action by making changes to their thoughts and behaviors, both in and out of the therapy sessions (Corey, 2009). In order to bring about change, the client needs to understand that the primary source of difficulty lies in how they perceive events based on their belief system (Kellogg & Young, 2008). Overall, CBT is a structured approach that emphasizes EVTs, learning, empowerment, brevity, and focusing on the individual (Kellogg &Young, 2008). CBT is open to using techniques from other approaches that fit the needs of the client, and the empirically validated techniques of CBT, when individualized for the client, work well in other approaches (Corey, 2009). These aspects of CBT make it a useful approach that can be adapted for individuals from different cultural and economic backgrounds (Corey, 2009; Kellogg & Young, 2008). In general, CBT is a structured approach and inclu... ...manual (Craske & Zucker, 2001). It is rare for a client to come into therapy with only one disorder that has the outlined symptoms of the diagnosis that calls for a particular treatment. Therefore, following the manual stringently may not help the client improve, but making slight deviations depending on the client’s characteristics and circumstances may allow the technique to be successfully adapted and useful for the individual. It is also likely that a clinical psychologist will add their own individual preferences to therapy no matter what therapeutic approach or technique they use (Scaturo, 2001). A balance between the use of manualized treatments and clinical judgment to formulate the case conceptualization is needed to be used in order to gather enough information on the client to successfully use any necessary treatment techniques (Craske & Zucker, 2001).

Tesla motors

The focus of this communications plan is Teasel's Toronto debut. While creating awareness or changing attitudes are important for Teasel's success in the high-end electric performance car market, the company's success is ultimately measured by its sales figures. Sales are a more concrete way of measuring the effectiveness of communication efforts. For this reason the objective is as follows: Create 30 sales by the December 2010 debut of Taste Motors in Toronto.STRATEGY Two approaches to selling high-end automobiles High-service is another draw for luxury re most effective: exclusivity and service. And performance automobiles. BMW offers training courses to those who purchase its Exclusivity is commonly cited as a way to more expensive cars. 3 Ferreira offers custom generate hype for luxury and performance paint colors and free gear. Taste Motors Inc. Automobiles. According to Catchall Kelly, feature uses the high-service approach by sending its writer, Toronto Star, the new Lexus Lea f's mobile service units to make house calls to â€Å"looming rarity [is what] makes the ALFA such a maintain vehicles. 4 hot commodity' for a car priced at $375,000.In an era with limited luxury goods sales, a Another example of the use of exclusivity personal sales process is more important than can be seen in the case of Ferrier's Mezzo. Ever. 5 This is why the strategy that will be used Building up to the release of Ferrier's Mezzo, an will foster close customer-seller relationships. Enormous amount of buzz was generated from Another strategy used by many organizations the vehicle's limited distribution. The Mezzo was in a recessionary luxury goods market is offered to only 400 people worldwide, people targeting extremely wealthy consumers who ho previously purchased a Ferreira OFF and are always willing to spend on expensive items. Ferreira OFF. 2 The result was a media frenzy.The For Taste these people can be seen as a core car's exclusivity made reviewers excited about audie nce as well as key influences. The rare chance at a test drive. Few Taste vehicles have been available to For these reasons, the primary strategy Toronto reviewers so there is likely a sense of will be to use exclusivity to generate anticipation for the company's products. Taste hype and therefore sales leads for Taste will use scarcity to drive sales and hype in a icicles. Similar way. Http:,'/'. NP. N. r;. N'. Thetas. Com/wheels/a elm 8540– new-375-000- Lexus- likely-to- become- instant-classic 2 http://www. Seriousness. Com/cars/top-Ferreira-Mezzo. Tm http://www. BMW. Com/ http://www. Testators. Com/about http://blobs. Bent. Mom/Bennett NP=712 TACTICS ; Exclusive vehicle test drives for key people and media at GTAG race track or closed course in the Fall with Jay Leno ; Interviews w/ celebrity owners of Taste vehicles (egg. Jay Leno, Chris Bosh) ; Swag/Apparel -Leather Jackets, watches for auto Journalists and PIP attendees (use Ross promo with Role/Harry Rosen) ; Exclusiv e PIP Toronto cocktail party / art show, with the Taste Roadster as art – in boutique store, set up to mimic a gallery ; Provide attendees first opportunity to book an appointment, order or test drive ; Tours of showroom/boutique store. Media, auto aficionados, invite only ; Newsletter in advance targeting key audiences ; Info packages ; Advertising through news media (egg.Globe and Mail Taste exclusive in the Wheels section) ; Media kit for launch event ; Partner with Honda Indy Toronto July 16- 18 2010 to provide showcase for vehicle, Media kit for media track day at Toronto Motivators Park in Cayuga, ON with PR team on-site to field inquiries ; Associated interviews and photos can be ; Social media tactics including news release, website/Trinitrotoluene/Faceable utilized through online campaign AUDIENCES This communications plan has various key audiences. The audiences were selected for their influence on other people as well as their interest in and ability to afford a pe rformance electric car. All of the segments listed appreciate appeals to exclusivity. Corporate Executives Based in Eastern CanadaWho they are: ; Live and work in Toronto or Montreal ; Earn over $250,000 annually ; Canada's â€Å"Top 40 Under 40† ; Often in the technology sector ; Show you are ahead of the curve; go green by driving a Taste Roadster ; Taste Motors' cars blend style, acceleration, and handling with advanced technologies that make them the quickest and the most energy-efficient cars on the planet. Tesla Motors Andrew Martin COMM 336 Informative Paper 4/4/2013 Tesla Motors Tesla Motors is a car company that designs, manufactures and sells electric vehicles. This public company was founded in 2003 by Ian Wright, JB Straubel, Marc Tarpenning, Martin Eberhard and most notably Elon Musk. Its headquarters is located in Palo Alto, California, with its main production plant in Fremont, California. The company was named after Nikola Tesla, a renowned electrical engineer and physicist. Its goal is to increase the number of EV’s (Electric Vehicles) available to the market to help make it more mainstream.Currently, Tesla motors have produced two models, the Tesla Roadster and the Model S, and has unveiled a third, the Model X. In the Future, the company plans to produce family-sized minivans, electric SUV crossovers, and electric fleet vans for municipal governments. Other business includes collaborations with other companies such as Toyota, Mercedes, Daimler, Freightliner Trucks and Panasonic. Although the company has earned much success, it has hit its share of bumps along the way such as lawsuits, recalls and founder disputes.The company began when two teams wanted to start an electric car company and since their goals were similar, they joined forces to better their chances of success. The most famous of these entrepreneurs, and one of the most important and iconic figures to the company, is Elon Musk. His success began with his first company Zip2, which was bought out by Compaq for $304 million. Then he co-founded what eventually became PayPal, which was bought out for $1. 5 billion by Ebay.Elon co-founded a third company named SpaceX in 2002 where he is currently the CEO and CTO. SpaceX is a shipping company, in that it ships cargo with huge Falcon 9 rockets into space, supplying NASA’s cargo to the International Space Station. This leads us to his co-founding of Tesla Motors, where he oversaw the company’s first car, the Tesla Roadster and eventually took the position of CEO. Tesla Motors is not the first car company to produce pure EVs. In fact, EVs have been around since the 1800’s and outnumbered combustion engine vehicles.Since then, combustion cars held the market and EVs were for the most part out of the automobile scene until the 1900s. GM and several other car companies produced experimental EV’s in limited numbers but their motives were self serving, including fulfilling government emission mandates. GM’s EV1 was leased only and were crushed after the lease was up 3 years later. EV’s first found a foothold in the auto market with the introduction of the hybrids. Toyota’s Prius was the first mass-produced hybrid gasoline electric car, which was introduced to the global market in 2001.To date, the Prius has sold over 2. 5 million cars worldwide and is the world’s best selling hybrid. Since then, many other companies have produced their own versions of hybrids such as the Chevy Vol t, and the Nissan Leaf, the world’s top selling EV. From the start, the Tesla Motor company has had a strategy for entering the market as an EV auto maker. It is difficult enough to start a new car company without a long built reputation, but to enter a new and uncharted market is bold and very risky.To do this, Tesla first would build a sports car with low production numbers in order to prove their technology. Next, they would shift do to luxury models that are more affordable and their last step is to build affordable EVs to compete with economy cars already on the market. In 2008, Tesla Motors started selling its first EV, the Tesla Roadster, which was just a Lotus Elise with a Tesla electric drive system. It was designed to compete with other sports cars in its price range.Not only was it Tesla Motors first production vehicle, it was the first highway-capable all-electric vehicle in serial production for sale in the US, and the first production car to use lithium-ion batt eries, allowing it also to be the first all-electric car to have a range greater than 200 miles per charge. Its 288HP electric engine allows it to accelerate 0-60 in just 3. 7 seconds. This power has allowed it to win the Monet Carlo Alternative Energy Rally and the Federation Inernationale di I’Automobile. The EPA rates the Roadsters range at 244 miles but at 25mph, it can accomplish 300 miles, the urrent distance record for a production EV. Production ceased in 2012 and over 2,250 Roadsters have been sold worldwide. Tesla’s next move was to build a more practical 4 door sedan for a broader market. These would be built at the Tesla Factory in Fremont, California. Unlike the Tesla Roadster, the entire car would be built at the factory rather than just putting a motor in an existing car. The Model S is the first production car to come out of the newly purchased factory and deliveries began in June of 2012. Three packages are available, with the Performance package boast ing 420 hp and an EPA range of 265 miles.Although the car weighs over 2 tons, its low center of gravity allows for excellent handling and because it’s driven by an electric motor with no gear box, it can still accelerate from 0 to 60 mph in 4. 4 seconds. Another difference of the Model S over the Roadster is its charging ability. An optional supercharger can add 150 miles of range in just 30 minutes and can fully charge the cars battery in just one hour. Tesla is adding Supercharging stations across the country and is free to use for Tesla owners. These Supercharging stations are solar powered and any extra power is fed back into the grid.From a normal 110V/12A outlet, one our adds 5 miles of range and from a 220V/40A oulet, one our adds 31 miles of range. The Model S has received much appraise and has one several rewards including 6 Car of the Year Awards. The Model S starts at just $62,000 for the basic model and its top model costs $87,400 USD. In 2014, the Tesla Factor wi ll start full production of its second EV, the Model X. This model is an SUV with several innovations and some impressive performance. First, it doesn’t have side mirrors but instead uses cameras to reduce its coefficient of drag, making it more aerodynamic.Next, it has uses hinged falcon-wing doors, allowing easier access for rear passengers. The performance model has two motors, allowing for four-wheel drive and accelerates from 0 to 60 in just 4. 4 seconds. Its range is similar to the Models S and is said to be 270 miles. Although it weighs 10% more, it shares 60% of the Model S components including its 17† touchscreen control panel, but unlike the Model S, it has two touchscreens on the steering wheel for multi-function control. In order to build its EVs, Tesla Motors first needed to find a place to build its line of cars.It first planned to build a factory in Albuquerque, New Mexico but was canceled and a factory in San Jose, California was also canceled due to cos t. Fortunately, the economy went south in 2008 and the NUMMI plant occupied by both GM and Toyota was abandoned. In 2010, Tesla Motors purchased the factory building for $42 million. Most of the 370-acre facility is unused and the only activity seen is the Tesla Factory’s production of the Model S. Not only did Tesla acquire the 5,500,000-square-foot main building, but they also acquired over $17 million in manufacturing equipment and parts, making the start-up cost of Tesla Motors less.Currently, around 1,000 workers are employed at the factory, producing 20,000 vehicles a year. Along with its own line of vehicles, Tesla Motors also has several collaborations with some well known company’s. Daimler’s Mercedes line had Tesla build electric powertrain components for its A-Aclass E-Cell, which has a 124 mile range. Only 500 of these cars were built in Europe to test the market. Another project Tesla is currently working on for Daimler is the power train for the Sm art Fortwo vehicle. In July of 2010, Toyota announced that it would be working with Tesla Motors to produce an electric version of the RAV4.Toyota converted 35 RAV4s for evaluation, using the power pack from Tesla’s Model S and powertrain components. Freightliner Trucks are also working with Tesla, using their battery packs for their Custom Chassis Electric Van. At Tesla, workers have passion for doing the right thing for the world. People are overworked and underpaid, but are endlessly fueled by a desire to tackle one of the most important challenges society has ever faced, protecting the planet. Giving future generations a good place to live is important to everyone at Tesla, unlike some other companies.One example was GM’s EV-1 electric car, which was built in the late 1990s. GM didn’t build an EV-1 to help the planet, but rather to fulfill a California mandate for a zero-emission vehicle. After fulfilling this mandate, all EV-1s were repossessed from lease a nd most were crushed. Unlike GMs self sabotaged EV-1, Tesla’s Model S and other models are out to create a paradigm shift and it all starts with the corporate culture. Tesla’s internal communication mediums include phones, pagers, video networking, email and everything a normal office would expect to have.A less obvious, but perhaps the most important type of internal communication is person to person. Tesla’s offices allow for this by leaving the office open. Different teams are all in the same room, so that communication is done on a personal level from one department to another. This open environment office space approach helps the synergy of the entire Tesla team. Being a high tech auto company, Tesla also communicates externally by all the ways a tech company should. Their website includes a forums section that allows owners and non owners to make posts and comments on a number of Tesla topics.This is a way for customers and enthusiast to communicate with t he company directly on the site. Tesla also keeps a blog on their site to keep the community up to date with the company. Along with their website, Tesla also has a Twitter, Google+, Facebook and Vimeo pages. Tesla also has the ability to directly communicate with their cars aswell. When a new firmware version comes out for the car, it can automatically download and update the new firmware. In one case, a Telsa customer was trying to charge his car at one of Tesla’s super chargers but the car would not charge.The owner called Tesla and they were able to send a firmware update within an hour, which fixed the problem. Another public relation strategy is to off the superchargers free to Tesla costumers for life. Some of the communication challenges for Tesla have been the negative media about the company. One incident included a lawsuit with the BBCs popular auto show called â€Å"Top Gear. † Tesla’s Roadster was featured in an episode and it was written in the scr ipt for the car to rail. Overall, the episode put down the car in a negative way.Tesla Motors took them to court but the case was not successful for Tesla. Another incident was a NYT reporter giving the car a negative review. In defense, Tesla released data to compare what the journalist said and how the car was actually driven. In the end, the journalist was discredited. In general, Tesla Motors and its vehicles have a very positive public relationship. Before the Model S was released to customers with reservations, Tesla held events that would allow customers to test drive the car in order to ease the tension of eager clients.These events were also good opportunities for reporters to get a look at the new EV. Since then, there have also been many other events, showcasing the car. Elon Musk and other important head figures of the company often speak at these events. Other positive publicity and exposure has been done though the media. The National Geographics Channel had an episode of â€Å"Megafactories Supercars† covering the Tesla Factory as it produces the Model S. Another popular outlet for Tesla media are videos available on sites such as Vimeo and Youtube and the Tesla website.